78 SA Flyer Magazine
Many aspects of ying
under Visual Flight Rules
(VFR) require pilots
to exercise discretion
and airmanship. So the
question arises: are
you a chef, or merely a
cook, when it comes to
airmanship?
W
HATS the
difference
between a
cook and
a chef?
Imagine a
ditzy wife
who nevertheless is a great cook, because
she meticulously follows the recipes
and almost every meal is a success.
Occasionally she may become a little
ustered and proffer a spoon before her
hubby, asking, “Taste this for me. Is it ok?
When this happens, supper is likely to be
bland and uninteresting, or may even be
a total disaster. Hubby may wonder why
these occasional lapses occur, despite the
fact that his wife is enthusiastic and very
conscientious about never departing from
the tried and true instructions printed in
the books. Investigation will reveal that the
recipe has an instruction along the lines
of, “Season to taste.” Not knowing exactly
how much seasoning this will require, Wifey
searches her books, invokes Google and
even asks some of her trusted friends, but
nowhere can she nd a denitive answer.
Every piece of information she nds is
vague or even ridiculous.
This makes her feel insecure. The
result is that she probably does something
irrational that spoils what would otherwise
have been an excellent meal.
By contrast, a chef only follows the very
basics of a recipe. The details are lled in
from the skills, knowledge, experience, and
most importantly the prudent and thoughtful
application of those hard-won qualities.
Not only are most of a chef’s dishes
exceptional, but they are also very unlikely
to fail. The chef is so used to exercising
discretion that, even if one or more of the
ingredients is unavailable, she will take that
in her stride by substituting and improvising.
So the real difference between a cook
and a chef is that the cook is bound to
blindly follow rigid instructions, whereas
the chef has the freedom to exercise
her own discretion and thereby excel.
Understanding the old adage that ‘with
AOPA BRIEFING
Chris Martinus ‒ Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association – South Africa
ARE YOU A COOK OR A CHEF
IN THE COCKPIT?
Flying Kyxs, from the Philippines.
These are the new breed of
backyard GA aircraft builders.
A 'passenger
drone' flown
remotely with a
standard handheld
radio-control unit.
Almost anyone can
build a passenger
drone these days.
79 SA Flyer Magazine
AOPA BRIEFING
ARE YOU A COOK OR A CHEF
IN THE COCKPIT?
freedom comes responsibility’, is the
essential ingredient that makes a chef
superior to a mere cook.
CHEFS AND RECIPE-BOOK PILOTS
What’s this got to do with ying?
Last month I dealt with some of
the challenges of integrating VFR and
commercial IFR trafc at unmanned,
uncontrolled airelds. One thing that
emerged is that, in an uncontrolled
environment, regulations are not very
prescriptive. For the most part, the regs
make it very clear that the pilot must
make his or her own choices and it is
emphasised that he or she carries full
responsibility for making the correct
choices. In other words, the regulations,
particularly at uncontrolled airelds,
require pilots to behave with the skill,
experience and judgement of a chef.
This is because there are no detailed
documents or recommendations on how
those choices must be made. There is
no recipe book. There are no rules that
can be blamed when the pilot makes an
error of judgement. Nowhere is there
any document or opinion that extends
the regulation any further from where it
effectively says, “Season to taste.”
It’s concerning that many pilots,
like a cook out of his depth, become
ustered and confused when the rules
give them the freedom to make their own
choices. They too tend to make irrational
choices that are potentially disastrous.
Their brains scramble when an air trafc
controller prexes his call with “at your
own discretion ...” as they try to nd what
discretion means in their recipe books.
Commercial pilots generally operate
in a rigidly-controlled environment,
where their actions are dictated by
recipe books: manuals of procedure
and clipped instructions from ATC. It’s
understandable that when they are
occasionally given freedom of choice,
they sometimes behave like headless
chickens.
It is therefore essential that pilots
take the time and effort to understand
that when the regulations or even ATC
instructions give them the freedom to
exercise their own discretion, they now
carry full responsibility for doing the
right thing. The learned response that
decisions are written in a book or issued
in a command must fall away, and the
mind must now focus on decision-making
and using that very uncommon thing –
common sense.
Be a chef in the cockpit.
UNMANNED AIRCRAFT AND
PASSENGER DRONES
This column has often discussed
the emergence of a new form of general
aviation – semi-autonomous and
autonomous aircraft. With the exciting
developments in this arena, there is a
new kind of pilot, which we will simply call
the drone pilot. Unlike the cook pilots and
the chef pilots, the drone pilot is a new
breed altogether.
AOPA South Africa has therefore
followed in the footsteps of AOPA in the
USA and opened membership to drone
pilots and owners.
The drone pilot considers as
mundane many of the issues that stick-
and-rudder GA pilots nd fascinating.
And many of the functions in which
traditional pilots take great effort
and pride (such as landing) are now
automated.
Last year there was phenomenal
growth of backyard-built aircraft modelled
on multi-copter drones, but which can
also carry a passenger and/or pilot.
They’re often crudely built using simple
hand tools and consisting of little more
than a few lengths of aluminium, a seat
and some electric motors and propellers
radio-controlled by model electronics
adapted to the purpose.
These designs mirror those of the
original design by a group of German
youngsters that has now developed
into the Volocopter. The Volo is now
in advanced testing as a commercial
autonomous air taxi which, it is hoped,
will soon be deployed in Dubai. Another
contender from China, the Ehang 184,
is now also in nal testing with human
passengers/pilots.
The Volocopter and Ehang
passenger drones are mainly targeted
at commercial operations. On the other
hand, we are seeing many homebuilt
aircraft coming out of garages and home
workshops all over the world, such as
the USA, Germany and unexpected
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80 SA Flyer Magazine
countries such as the Philippines.
AOPA already represents non-
commercial drone pilots and owners
on JARUS, the Joint Authorities for
Rulemaking on Unmanned Systems,
through our afliation with IAOPA. This
give us an up-front opportunity to protect
the interests of private drone pilots and
owners in the arduous task of developing
internationally recognised standards for
regulating unmanned aircraft and, through
our representation at ICAO, protecting the
budding new world of passenger drones.
Unmanned drones currently outnumber
manned aircraft by at least fteen to one.
Passenger drones are expected to see
similarly explosive growth. Authorities and
international standards bodies have been
slow to fully understand and fairly regulate
these technologies, and the exciting
developments which have captured the
minds and passions of younger enthusiasts
who have little or no interest in traditional
general aviation aircraft.
Drones have become popular because
they are easy to y. Electronics control
most of the difcult functions, and the pilot
only needs to apply higher-level point-and-
shoot control inputs. The same applies to
passenger drones. Most of the innovators
that have been emerging in the past several
months have no formal pilot training, nor do
they need as much to be procient.
For regulations to accommodate
these passenger drones, which they have
little choice of doing, they will have to be
similar to those regulations which govern
unmanned airelds. Responsibility will
have to fall largely to the pilot, as these
‘backyard’ aircraft – the new face of GA
– will be accessible to almost everyone,
and as has been the case with drone
regulations, trying to force them to t
into the current rigid world of aviation
is likely to be unsuccessful. With a new
form of general aviation, integrating and
accommodating such aircraft into our
airspaces without compromising safety is
going to be challenging.
Current regulatory efforts have
tended to separate drones into a separate
‘sandbox’, isolated from other aircraft types.
However, there is only one sky that must be
shared. The overlap between current and
newer aircraft types is also beginning to
blur the distinctions between them.
AOPA BRIEFING
j
A flying bathtub. With the evolution of
'drone' technology, even the kitchen
sink can be an aircraft.